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In every age and for every nation, God nominated prophets and apostles for the reformation of society through His revealed commandments for smooth running of the discipline of this world. Throughout history, the fundamentals preached by all the prophets were the same, i.e. Oneness of God, Prophethood and the hereafter. The religion preached by all the prophets was the same but commandments and rituals remained different to some extent. The teachings about the ways of offering Prayer and fasting, the prohibited and the permitted, the ways of ablution, purification and bathing in different sharias remained different. The present study compared the existing literature on the significance and philosophy of worship in Islam and Judaism for finding the similarities and differences in both. To this end, this study adopted a pure speculative analytical approach to arrive at a conclusion. The study found that in both the Islamic Law and Moses’ law worship has similar purpose. Both the laws consider worship is a source of bringing man closer to his Creator, purifying his soul, improving his deeds and making him a better human being and thus resulting in a peaceful society based on social welfare and collective good.

SPKMP is a public programme with the objective of uplifting the level of wellness among coastal community particularly the poor households. Since its inception in 2001, the programme has undergone several phases of improvement. However, until now living conditions of the coastal poor households remain unchanged. The present study aimed at assessing performance of SPKMP in terms of implementation of the program as well as the performance of the organizations that involved in the program, particularly looking into the mechanism used in managing the program with special reference to district of Kuala Terengganu. By using official records and reports from various agencies at the central level and district offices besides observation and in-depth interviews with households and officials at the agencies involved, the study discovered some interesting findings. Firstly, the principles serve as a guideline for the implementation of the program were not followed by the implementing agencies at the district level. Various malpractices were also detected. Secondly, the evaluation showed that most of the program outputs cannot help the fishermen to increase their household income and savings. Thirdly, the marine resources are depleting, therefore the fishermen are not able to increase their catch. Furthermore, coastal communities have not received sufficient assistance in the program so they do not get the necessary moral support. This study shows that the development agencies have not been able to implement the program properly because of weak and inefficient management. Policies, strategies and activities that are more suitable are needed to improve the program.

The study considered the transport of a radioactive solute in solution from the ground surface down through the soil to the groundwater when there is an accidental or intentional spillage of a radioactive material on the surface. The finite difference method was used to model the spatial and temporal profile of moisture content in a soil column using the ?-based Richard’s equation leading to solution of the convective-dispersive equation for non-adsorbing solutes numerically. A matlab code has been generated to predict the transport of the radioactive contaminant, spilled on the surface of a vertically heterogeneous soil made up of two layers to determine the residence time of the solute in the unsaturated zone, the time it takes the contaminant to reach the groundwater and the amount of the solute entering the groundwater in various times and the levels of pollution in those times. The model predicted that, when there is a spillage of tritium, on the surface of the ground at the study area, it will take two years for the radionuclide to enter the groundwater and fifteen years to totally leave the unsaturated zone. Therefore, it is very important that proper containment measurements be put in place to take care of such spillages since they have long term effect.

The title compound of C2H5NO2•Ba (NO3) Glycine Barium Nitrate (GBN), a semiorganic glycine additive material has been grown from slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature.. The grown single crystals have been analyzed by powder crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound has good optical transmission in the entire visible region. The optical band gap has been estimated using Tauc’s plot. Its relative SHG efficiency has been tested by Kurtz powder method and it quite interesting that it acts as poison, not favoring NLO efficiency. Thermal stability of the grown crystal was investigated by thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analyses.

The state of art of support vector mechanics method (SVM) problems related to civil engineering is presented in this paper till now. Areas of further research are presented and ongoing numerical investigations on SVM techniques are shown.

The interaction of transition metal complexes with DNA has long been a subject of intensive investigation with the perspective of development of newer materials for application in biotechnology and medicine. These investigations have resulted in the synthesis of many new metal complexes, which bind to DNA by non-covalent interactions such as electrostatic binding, groove binding and intercalative binding [1,2]. Hence, the current growing interest in small molecules that are capable of binding and cleaving DNA is related to their utility in the design and development of synthetic restriction enzymes, new drugs, DNA foot-printing agents, etc., and also to their ability to probe the structure of DNA itself [3].

Textual materials encompass all kinds of books and other printed materials used by teachers and learners for reference before, during and after instruction. They are mainly used for presentation of information to the learners and complementing teacher presentation through the learners’ private study. Examples of these include textbooks, class readers, course books, reference books, supplementary readers, newspapers, workbooks, fiction, periodicals, study guides, manuals, worksheets, and magazines among others. The teachers can choose the appropriate type of textual material to use depending on the content to be taught and the purposes of instruction. This paper is a discussion of the value of textual materials in particular textbooks in the language classroom. This paper will examine whether textbooks liberate teachers or are systems of control by looking at their advantages and disadvantages and how teachers can adapt other commercial textbooks in the language classroom.

In this era of development, the construction industry is one of the most important sectors that contribute to the economy and a catalyst for other industries. As a result, the demand for skilled and semi-skilled workers is increasing. This demand has raised the status of Technical And Vocational Education in line with the other courses. However, there are several issues that arise in the employment sector where based on previous studies, this problem arises due to the weakness of human factors within the context of ineffective leadership. Leadership is an important aspect in the form of an organization to achieve the goals, vision, mission and objectives are kept by the organization. In this title, it will discuss leadership in education. In fact, we will discuss also the demand for technical and vocational education. Then we will look about the working environment in which the leadership is very important element.

Willingness to communicate (WTC) is one of the affective factors assumed to influence success in second and foreign language learning. Although the nature of the construct of WTC has been thoroughly investigated in both first and second language its relationship with different modalities of communication in a foreign language has not been studied. The present study explores the possible relationship between WTC and its components and success in foreign language learning. For the purposes of this study a willingness to communicate scale was correlated with a C-Test, which is a measure of general language proficiency. Results show that two out of the three subscales of WTC, namely, willingness to communicate in the school context and willingness to communicate with native speakers of English, were moderately correlated with success in learning English as foreign language as measured by C-Test. The other subscale of WTC, i.e., willingness to communicate with non-native speakers of English was not correlated with success in foreign language learning. Implications of the study are discussed.

Present study aims at exploring the phenomenon of graffiti and its presence in Pakistan. It also sets to investigate the frequency of different themes exhibited through graffiti and their corresponding relationship to socio-cultural and religious ideologies and attitudes of inhabitants of this part of the world. For given purpose the historical city of Lahore, which is also considered the hub of culture and education in country, was chosen as this practice is found in profusion there especially in areas under consideration locally named as Model Town, Centre Point, Hussain Chowk, etc. Graffiti is treated as a pliant feature of contemporary metropolitan setting and an ever-trendy researchable issue in academic research. Our contention here is not to label graffiti as a social territorial crime or a rebellious facet on the part of graffiti artists rather a social behavior and its relation to existing religious beliefs and socio-cultural norms of existing Pakistani social mosaic.