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Leadership is in fact a process of influencing followers. Characteristics of leadership are functions of time and situation and differ in different cultures and countries. Managers of international organizations should obtain enough knowledge of these cultural characteristics and differences and should have the utmost versatility while executing their leadership tasks. In this paper we have conducted a survey of the relation between cultures and styles of leadership in different countries. At first characteristics of leadership are discussed in work oriented leadership paradigm and management regimes, in a number of different regions, including China, Japan, U.S.A, Europe, and Arab countries. We also discuss about cross-cultural leadership concept and its challenges. At the end, a comparative analysis is made over the various leadership styles.

The wave propagation in an infinite, homogeneous transversely isotropic solid cylinder of elliptic inner and outer cross-section immersed in a fluid is studied using the Fourier expansion collocation method, within the framework of the linearized, three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The equation of motion of solid and fluid are respectively formulated using the constitutive equations of a transversely isotropic cylinder and the constitutive equation of an inviscid fluid. Three displacement potentional functions are introduced to uncouple the equation of motion. The frequency equations of longitudinal and flexural (symmetric and antisymmetric) modes are analyzed numerically for an elliptic cross-sectional transversely isotropic solid cylinder of elliptic inner and outer cross-section immersed in a fluid. To compare the model with the existing literature, the results of a fluid-loaded transversely isotropic cylinder are obtained and they are compared with the results of Berlinear and Solecki (1996). It shows very good degree of agreement. The computed non-dimensional wave numbers are presented in the form of dispersion curves for the material zinc.

The organic nitrates are widely used in the management of coronary artery disease. They are given not only to patients with stable angina pectoris, but also to those with unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Although they are effective for the treatment of these disorders, their therapeutic value is compromised by the rapid development of tolerance during sustained therapy. Long-acting nitrates can provide protection against the development of angina for up to 12 hours each day if an appropriate dosing regimen or formulation is used. Regimens with proved effectiveness include intermittent transdermal nitroglycerin, standard-formulation isosorbide mononitrate given eccentrically, and sustained-release isosorbide mononitrate given once daily, but there is some concern that nitrate-free periods may have adverse effects in some patients. Although the mechanism of nitrate tolerance has remained elusive, studies in animals suggest that nitrate therapy causes specific biochemical responses in the vasculature that limit the vasodilator effects of nitrates.

At maternity, the systematic approach is undoubtedly one of the main pillars of quality of care. Without it the caregiver can not claim to achieve the maximization of the quality of care. The aim of this quantitative study, is to describe the nursing care provided to women who have given birth in the immediate postpartum period at maternity level in Morocco. Results from the self-administered nurse questionnaire and observations of postpartum care, revealed deficiencies in nurses knowledge of the care approach, a lack of use of a supportive care plan Postpartum and a practice of care without planning or evaluation. 

A trial was conducted during 2005 06 & 2006-06 at All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture Phulbani, Orissa ,India., with an objective to obtain the water loss and economics of the lined ponds .There were three treatments T1-Lined pond with soil cement plaster (6:1) 8cm thickness ,T2-Unlined pond,T-3-No pond.10% of the cropped area was dug for construction of the pond in Lined and Unlined pond treatments. The size of the pond is 7m top widths, 1m-bottom width, 3m heights, and 1:1side slope. The water harvested in pond was reutilized for the pumpkin crop, which was sown only in Lined pond treatment, as there was no water available in unlined pond so the crop was not sown there. Lined pond with soil cement (6:1) plaster of 8cm thickness gave highest Tomato yield of 4.8 t/ha during kharif 2008-09 and radish root yield of 25.5 t/ha in rabi seasons of 2008-09.. The water loss was 326 lit/day in lined pond and 24,000 lit/day in unlined pond. The benefit: cost ratio in lined pond was 3.04 as compared to 1.64 in unlined pond during 2008-09.

Institutions of higher education are increasingly realizing that they are part of the service industry and are putting greater emphasis on student satisfaction as they face many competitive pressures. Due to intense competition in this field and specially in the B-Schools it become mandatory for the institutions to understand the students perceptions towards various factors that lead to a feeling of satisfaction among them and try to concentrate on the most important factors. The authors in this research article did a descriptive study to understand the students’ perception towards the most important factors that develop a feeling of satisfaction among them. The research was done in Jalandhar district of Punjab on the students studying in various Management Colleges in the city. The convenience and snowball sampling technique was used to identify colleges and students respectively. The questionnaire method was used for collecting the data from the students. The total sample size was 100 out of which 80 questionnaires are used for analysis. The authors applied factor analysis to reach to a conclusion that Infrastructure, Faculty Knowledge and Understanding of Student Needs, Students Skills Development and Quality of Placement Activities are the major factors that lead to student satisfaction the most.

It is the quality and excellence that matters. These are deciding factors in any organization. Quality is what makes the difference between things being excellent or run of the mill. Quality Circles or Quality Control Circles as they are called in Japan, is a participative philosophy woven around Quality Control and problem solving at the bottom level. It exemplifies the policy of people building, respect for human beings and creates participative management culture.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) botnets are the modern and most resilient bot structures which are harder to take down and stealthier to detect their malicious activities, because of which these are adopted by many of the recent botmasters. In this paper, we propose a novel botnet detection system which is capable to identify resilient P2P botnets. Our system initially identifies the p2p communication hosts present in the network. It then derives p2p traffic and further distinguishes between the botnet generated traffic and legitimate generated traffic. The parallelized computation makes scalability a default feature of our system. High detection accuracy and prodigious scalability are the extra features of our proposed system.

Erosion and sediment yield are important factors that should be taken into account in planning renewable natural resource projects. The EPM model is extensively used to erosion and sediment yield assessments in many catchments of Iran. Because of ambiguities in the validity of the results of EPM model, the objective of this study is to evaluate the output results of this model in five small catchments, Semnan Province, Iran using sediment deposited in reservoir constructed in the outlet of these catchments. The Specific Sediment Yield (SSY) in five reservoirs was assessed by measuring the volume and mass of deposited sediment in the reservoirs and also by characterizing the reservoirs and their respective catchments. The primary data for EPM model was obtained from topographic maps, aerial photographic interpretation, earlier studies and field survey by a team with different professional backgrounds in order to score each model’s factors. Model performance was evaluated by using Nash and Sutcliff’s Model Efficiency (ME) and the Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE). Result showed that although the amount of Model Efficiency is located in acceptable area (0.056) but no high efficiency. The Relative Root Mean Square Error (79.3) show the efficiency of model is low as well.

This paper extends the work of Hernandez [5] to functions of two variables in which the emphasis is given to the influence of convexity on Newton-Raphson’s method using two functions with different degree but having the same solution. Upon the properties of logarithmic degree of convexity the third order convergent iterative method for the solutions of systems of nonlinear equations which avoids the computation of second order derivative of the function is obtained. The result shows the accelerated Newton-Raphson’s method is faster than the other methods considered in this paper.