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Lambani community has been ardent in retaining traditional symbols despite the influence of modern practices as evidenced by their female dress and adoration practices. These people respect the traditional values and practices. Alcohol liquor is being in use by Lambani community in many ceremonies. Offering of the liquor and receiving of liquor during some ceremonies is very important aspect often depict the status and standard of persons involved. These people have a long history of preparing their own liquor. They have their own special methods of brewing and distillation which is specific to specific tanda (abode). Being the persons engaged in trade, demand of liquor for other community people will also force these people to engage in preparation and supply of liquor. However, law of the land prohibits preparation and storage of liquor without government sanction and standards prescribed. Thus, authorities have targeted this community as being involved in crime of preparing illicit liquor. Involvement of specific community in specific crime needs to be dealt with the knowledge of social-anthropology. Accordingly a study of ceremonies involving utilization of liquor among 18 tandas of Karnataka has been conducted and socio-cultural significance of the factors involved has been discussed.

There are numerous limitations with the existing traditional authentication methods used to protect private data such as PIN/password which is easy to duplicate and forgotten. This paper proposes a novel methodology to protect private information by means of secured password administration system using biometric authentication. The system architecture and main modules are presented.

This work is carried out to provide a corrective analysis of a typical water pipeline network with varied flow rates/discharges in order to obtain adequate pressure that must be maintained to cause a pipeline grid balance in a distribution network of a closed conduit. The network was taken to be analogous to a direct-electrical circuit analogy of current flow, which provides a simplified approach to complex distribution network problems. The fluid in the conduit is in a steady-state, hence the work adopts the application of steady-state energy equations of Darcy Weisbach, Hardy Cross and Hazen Williams in the analysis of head losses associated with flow through pipeline of varying sizes, bends, fittings, and surface roughness.

There are many attempts to apply artificial neural networks in mechanical engineering field. In this work an attempt has been made to apply the artificial neural networks in the analysis of automotive tires. The study of tire performance and deformation are challenging owing to the non-linearity associated with geometry as well as composition of material. The tire material is a cord-rubber composite, its properties anisotropic in nature. The present attempt is to analyze the tire using artificial neural network. The tire deformation under various inflation pressures has been modeled by artificial neural network. To train the network, the experimental data has been used. It has been found that the artificial neural network can effectively be used in the analysis of pneumatic tires. The artificial neural network is employed to analyze the displacement of side wall of the tire for various pressures. The pressures are given as the input and the artificial neural network is trained with the displacement of ‘x’ and ‘y’ as the output target. The ultimate purpose of a finite element analysis is to create mathematical behaviour of an actual engineering system. In other words, the analysis must be an accurate mathematical model of a physical prototype. This model comprises all the nodes, element material properties, real constants, boundary conditions, and other features that are used to represent the physical system. In ANSYS terminology, the term model generation usually takes on the narrower nurturing of generating the nodes and elements that represent the spatial volume and connectivity of the actual system. Thus the model generation means the process of defining the geometric configuration of the model nodes and elements.

A new series of Cr(III) , Co(II), Fe(III) and Cu(II) complexes with the chalcone ligand were studied on the growth of Rhabdomyo sarcomas (RD) cell Line in human by using in vitro system and compared with anticancer drug cisplatin (cis-pt) as appositive control. The cancer cells were treated with different concentration and cis-pt after 72 hr. exposure time. The cytotoxic activity was tested by inhibition rate as parameter. The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) for each three treatments when the inhibition rates were increased. The synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity by cup plate diffusion method. The results indicate the enhanced activity of metal complexes over the parent ligands.

The use of sumac plant extract as corrosion inhibitor for ?-brass in nitric acid solution was investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) measurements. It was found that sumac extract behaves as inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing sumac concentration, but decreases with raising the temperature. The adsorption of sumac on the ?-brass surface follows Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The effect of the temperature on the corrosion rate of ?-brass in 1M nitric acid was studied. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that sumac extract is mixed type inhibitor and the results obtained from different techniques are in good agreement.

TiO₂ and TiO₂-SiO₂ nanocomposite was synthesized by sol-gel method at room temperature using titanium tetraisopropoxide with ethanol and water mixture as Titania source and Silicic acid as Silica source. Characterization of the product was carried out by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). An average grain size of ~13nm was obtained for TiO₂ and ~2nm for TiO₂-SiO₂, as estimated by the Debye-Scherrer’s equation. From the FTIR results, peaks were observed at 3408 cm^-1 and 1627 cm^-1 in both samples due to stretching and bending vibrations of -OH groups. 

Abstract Quality of Education and training is a major consideration worldwide. It is even a more crucial issue in the technical vocation Education and training (TVET). The determinants of the quality of education and training include among others the quality of teachers, learners, the learning environment, facilities for learning and the curriculum. This paper articulates briefly the historical development of the TVET and TVET teacher training in Kenya with a view to highlighting how quality of education and training may be promoted. It looks at the organisation of education and training and lessons that may be advanced. It is based on literature review for historical developments and an analytical survey that was carried out to establish the views of presently serving TVET teachers in Kenya. The paper concludes that there is a need for continuous reform and upgrading of teacher skills, that the facilities for training should be as close and similar to the facilities found at the workplace, and that the institution–industry links should be strengthened and be made more mutually beneficial.

Since the outset of its advent, international human rights law has been evolving. Today, human rights law regulations encompass a wide range of binding rules regarding different areas ranging from right to life to right to access to the employment. International human rights law include various human rights which can be categorized into three generations of rights, namely civil and political rights (first generation), social and economic and cultural rights (second generation) and collective rights (third generation). This paper examines the rights which are economic and social rights and are more specifically labor-related rights in international human rights law and the effect of this system on international labor law. These rights include rights of the workers to have decent working conditions, right to access to employment, right to have equal treatment at occupation, right to have equal pay for equal work. Much of the labor standards found in international labor law today, have human rights dimensions such as access to the employment, non-discrimination, decent working conditions in occupation, etc. Thus, much of human rights regulations relating to labor are now found in domestic and international labor law. This paper also examines the dimensions of the effect of human rights law on the development and evolution of labor standards.

The conservation of towns is a growing field in Malaysia. In the context of cultural heritage, the exceptional conservation practice in this country has enabled Malacca and Georgetown to be chosen as two of UNESCO’s world heritage town. The conservation of towns emerges from the awareness that cultural heritage possesses eminent uniqueness which must be conserved in order to safeguard it from extinction. In the context of Malaysia, the traditional shop lots are the remaining cultural heritage from the past, for the present and future. The variety of shapes and architectures of the shop lots makes them unique and should be preserved for the future generation. Therefore, the efforts to conserve a city or town usually concern the conservation of traditional shop lots. Nevertheless, the conservation efforts usually put more emphasis on facade that an equally unique element is overlooked. The element is the walkways of the shop lots. This article aims to discuss the need and significance of traditional shop lot walkways as one of the elements in the conservation of towns. The need for shop lot walkways has an apparent motive in term of a town’s image or in the epistemology perspective of the town conservation field itself.