Organic Chemistry

Novel series of compounds containing 2-(2-substituted benzylidene hydrazinyl)-4-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl) piperazin-1-yl)-6-(4-tolyl oxy)-1,3,5-triazine (s-triazine) derivatives were synthesized. The formed compounds have been evaluated by physical methods (melting point, TLC, elemental analyses) and upon spectral data (IR and NMR). The newly synthesized compounds were also evaluated for antimicrobial activity against variety of bacterial strains in which some of these derivatives exhibited potential antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Pyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-2-ones was synthesized by cyclic condensation of 2-chloro-3-formylquinolines with sodium acetate and acetic acid in microwave reactor. Microwave reactions are very inexpensive, operational simplicity, eco-friendly method and good yield in a very short reaction time. Unexpectedly, 3-formylquinolin-2(1H)-ones were exclusively formed in very high yield by changing the molar ratio of acetic acid and sodium acetate in just 1.5 to 2.5 min. The synthesized compounds were characterised by IR, NMR, and Mass Spectra.

A series of substituted styryl 5-methyl-2-furyl ketones have been synthesized by closed-aldol reaction. The purities of these chalcones were checked by their physical constants and spectral data published earlier in literature.  The insect antifeedant activities of these ketones were studied using 4^th instar larvae Achoea Janata L with castor leaf discs.

A series of some solid transition metal complexes of some mannich bases, substituted N-(1-piperazino) benzamide with Ca (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) complexes in the presence of ice cold condition. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectra. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory, anti nociceptive, antibacterial activities against Gram + and Gram – bacteria. The synthesized compounds were screened for inflammatory activity via standard approaches, and they have shown positive anti -inflammatory activity.

Substituted 4-hydroxy -2H,5H pyrano (3,2-C) chromene – 2,5 – dione (I) have been prepared by 4-Hydroxy coumarin when treated with phosphorus oxychloride and zinc chloride. (I) on reaction with acetic acid and phosphorous oxychloride to give 3- acetyl 4-hydroxy -2H,5H pyrano (3,2-C) chromene – 2,5 – dione (II). Which on heating with ethyl acetate and pulverized sodium metal for several hours afforded 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxobutanoyl)2H,5H pyrano(3,2-c)chromene-2,5-dione (III) . (III) when treated with ethanol and phenyl hydrazine afforded to give 4-hydroxy-3-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-2,5-dione (IV). Several of similar derivatives were also synthesized. The structures of the synthesised compounds have been assigned on the basis of elemental analyses, IR, NMR and mass spectral studies.

4-chloroaniline reacts with 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanone in presence of 1-napthonicacid and copper metal as a catalyst gives 1-(4-(4-aminophenoxy) phenyl)ethanone, which on further condensation with 4-nitrotoluene-2-sulfonyl chloride gives N-(4-(4-acetylphenoxy)phenyl)-2-methyl-5-nitrobenzenesulphonamide. This derivative react wit various substituted aldehydes to give corresponding substituted chalcone derivatives (N-1). Now these derivative (N-1) on condensation with NH2CONH2 in presence of dilute HCl gives2-methyl-5-nitro-N-(4-(3-(2-oxo-6-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-4yl) phenoxy)phenyl)benzenesulfonamide (N-2). Structure elucidation of synthesized compounds has been made on the basis of the elemental analysis, 1H NMR spectral studies. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compound has been studied against the species Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi.

This study was carried out on the acute toxicity and anti-diabetic effect of the extracts of Phyllanthus amarus on blood glucose concentration (BGC) of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The study was done in the extracts alone and in combination of the extracts with glibenclamide drug. The acute toxicity test of the plant extracts gave a lethal dose of 3400mg/kg in mice. The anti-diabetic effect of the plant extracts was dose-dependent. Ethanolic extract alone (300mg/kg and 600mg/kg) caused a reduction in BGC of 18% and 23-5% (p<0.05) respectively in non-diabetic rats. Aqueous extract (300mg/kg) gave 23.6% and (600mg/kg) 25.8% (p<0.02). Glibenclamide alone gave 37.5% reduction (p<0.01). The simultaneous administration of the plant extracts 300mg/kg with 5mg/kg glibenclamide gave 34.4% reduction (ethanolic) and 36.5% (aqueous), 600mg/kg extracts caused reduction of 37.6% and 38.4% ethanolic and aqueous respectively on non-diabetic rats (p< 0.01).The percentage reductions in BGC in alloxan induced diabetic rats were 15.8% and 27.7% (p<0.01) for 300mg/kg ethanolic and aqueous extracts alone respectively. The extracts alone 600mg/kg gave 26.7% (p<0.05) ethanolic and 29.9% (p<0.01) aqueous. The extracts 300mg/kg in combination with 5mg/kg glibenclamide gave a percentage reduction of 35.5% (p<0.01) ethanolic, 37.4% (p<0.001) aqueous while 600mg/kg gave 39.2% and 58.1% reduction for ethanolic and aqueous extracts respectively (p<0.001). Glibenclamide administered alone on diabetic rats gave 43.8% reduction (p< 0.01). However, the higher percentage reduction were obtained with the dose of 600mg/kg, also aqueous extract in combination with 5mg/kg glibenclamide gave higher percentage reduction in BGC in alloxan induced diabetic rat.

Hydroxypropylcellulose acrylate (HPCA) macromonomer was prepared by esterification of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) with acryloyl chloride in homogenous solution of dimethyl formamaide (DMF). Then the produced HPCA macromonomer was copolymerized with ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) using two types of crosslinkers and azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN) as initiator. Several parameters were considered namely, monomers feed ratio, type and concentration of the applied crosslinkers. The synthesized macromonomer was characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopic analyses. Also, the thermal properties of the crosslinked copolymers were investigated by using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, morphological properties of these crosslinked copolymers were studied through scan electron microscope (SEM) and their swelling efficiency was thoroughly investigated in heavy and light oil.

Proton (¹H), proton decouple phosphorus (¹H{³¹P}), and phosphorus decouple proton (³¹P{¹H}) NMR  of propyl isopropylphosphonofluoridate in an environment of water have been produced and resonances peaks obtained have been assigned. The ³¹P{¹H} spectrum of the chemical gave two resonances peaks with chemical shifts at 28.505 and 34.129 ppm, which is an indication that propyl isopropylphosphonofluoridate has undergone degradation to produce two phosphorus containing chemicals. This does not come as surprise, since in water propyl isopropylphosphonofluoridate undergoes hydrolysis to produce to two chemicals, propyl isopropylphosphonate and isopropylphosphonic acid. The resonances at 28.505 and 34.129 ppm are assigned to isopropylphosphonic acid and propyl isopropylphosphonate respectively. The ¹H and the corresponding ¹H{³¹P}NMR of propyl isopropylphosphonate produced five resonances peaks in the NMR spectral. These resonances are consistent with the structure of propyl isopropylphosphonate. The ¹H and ¹H{³¹P} spectral of isopropylphosphonic acid also produced two resonances peaks with chemical shifts at 1.03 and 1.75 ppm respectively which is consistent with the structure.

The synthesis of various substituted 4-methoxy-1H-quinolin-2-thiones from various substituted aniline with malonicacid, phosphorous-oxychloride, sodium methoxide glacial acetic acid and thiourea under different conditions is described. The title compounds were synthesized from four steps; the first step involved the synthesis of substituted 2, 4-dichloro quinoline from aniline (substituted), with malonicacid and phosphorous-oxychloride. In the second step, the substituted 2, 4 Dichloro compound was heated with freshly prepared methanolic sodium methoxide solution to give 2, 4-dimethoxy quinoline compounds, it was then refluxed with glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid to get the substituted 4-methoxy-1H-quinolin-2-one. The final steps involves with an objective of introducing a chloro in the position 2 of the quinolone system, the substituted 4-methoxy-1H-quinolin-2-one was refluxed with distilled Pocl3 chloroform. The substituted 2-chloro-4-methoxy quinoline was then refluxed with thiourea and alcohol to get the titled compounds. The purity of the synthesized compound was judged by their C, H and N analysis and the structure was analyzed on the basics of Mass, FT-IR, and 1H NMR.