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ABSTRACT Teratogenicity is the ability to cause developmental anomalies in fetus. Substances with teratogenicity effects can damage the DNA of a developing foetus. They may cause abnormal development of a limb malformation of an organ and the effects for the developing fetus can vary depending on the teratogen. Chicken eggs are used as a model system to test Bhavana panjankula thailam for its Teratogenic effect. Bhavana panjankula thailam is one of the Siddha drugs indicated for karuppachudu (a type of pitha disorder affecting uterus), urinary tract infections, dry skin and constipation. In this study five concentrations of drug Bhavana panjankula thailam were injected into the chicken embryos. Cadmium is used as a positive control in the same concentrations which affects limb deformities of the organ. 1:1 ratio of cadmium and drug were injected into the embryo for scrutinize the effect of drug. At the 12th day of incubation the eggs were dissected out and detect the malformation in the embryo. The results suggested that the lowest concentrations cof drug treated embryo has no malformation and highest concentrations of drug treated embryo has malformed like heart and other organs are distorted. The DNA was isolated from embryos of chick and run in agarose gel electrophoresis to confirm the DNA damage. cOCT4 and cGATA4 genes which is responsible for chick embryogenesis. GATA and OCT family of transcriptional regulatory proteins, GATA-4 and OCT-4 thought to be involved in the regulation of cardio genesis and gut development. Functions for these factors are known in the heart, but relatively little is implicit concerning their possible roles in the regulation of gut-specific gene expression. In this study, we analyzed the expression of cGATA-4, and cOCT4. Further gene expression studies will be carried out for further authentication of teratogenic effect at gene level. Though the Bhavana panjankula thailam was shown teratogenic effect at the higher dose. So detailed animal studies and clinical trials should be carried out for apposite remedy. KEYWORDS: Teratogenicity, bhavana panjankula thailam, chick embryo, DNA damage.

To study surgical site infection and effect of antibiotic pro phylaxis in mesh repair of inguinal hernia. Comparative study. Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, Jamshoro/Hyderabad from March 2011 to July 2013. One hundred diagnosed cases of inguinal hernia were studied selected through non-probability purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were divided into two groups; Group I. mesh repair with antibiotic prophylaxis (n=50) and Group II. Mesh repair without antibiotic prophylaxis (n=50). Antibiotic prophylaxis was given 60 minutes before surgical procedure. Surgical procedure was conducted by a consultant general surgeon or senior registrar. The surgical site infection (SSI) was defined as wound infection that developed within thirty days of surgery. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 21.0. The continuous and categorical variables were analyzed by student`s t-test and chi-square test respectively. The significant p-value was taken at ? 0.05. The mean +/- S.D of study population of both groups was noted as 39+/- 10.4 and 41.5+/- 11.0 years (p=0.09). All the subjects were male with age range of 20-60 years. The frequency of surgical site infection (SSI) in group I (antibiotic prophylaxis) was 6% (n=3) compared to group II (without antibiotic prophylaxis) was 22% (n=11) with highly significant p-value (p=0.001). Statistically significant differences were noted for the complications like; serous discharge, seroma, erythema and stitch abscess. The surgical site infection in mesh repair open inguinal hernia was higher in present study than internationally reported incidence. The antibiotic prophylaxis reduces morbidity in mesh repair open inguinal hernia.

Nanotechnology deals with various structures of matter having dimensions of the order of a billionth (1x10^-9) of a meter. In recent years nanotechnology has become one of the most important and exciting forefront fields in physics, chemistry, engineering and biology. Particles which are smaller than the characteristic lengths associated with particular phenomena often display new chemistry and physics, leading to new behavior which depends on the size. So, for example, the electronic structure, conductivity, reactivity, melting temperature and mechanical properties have all been observed to change when particles become smaller than a critical size. Nanotechnology is expected to enable environmentally friendly mass production at low cost. It is also expected that nanotechnology will prove to be useful in the development of light and strong materials, biomedical materials pharmaceutical materials and multifunctional intelligent materials. Many important nanostructures are composed of the group IV elements Si or Ge, type III-V semiconducting compounds such as Ga As, or type II-VI semiconducting materials such as CdS, CdSe, so these semiconductors materials will be used to illustrate some of the bulk properties that become modified with incorporation into nano-structures.

Five green leafy vegetables (Basella alba, Vernonia amygdalina, Talinum triangulare, Manihot esculenta and Corchorus olitorius) were analysed for their moisture, crude protein and ascorbic acid contents. The vegetables were earlier differently sun-dried, stored in the refrigerator and stored in the freezer for five days each before the ascorbic acid contents were determined. Moisture and crude protein were high in all the samples. The between the sample variations in the ascorbic acid contents were high in the fresh (zero day) with values ranging from 234 mg/100 g (recorded in T. triangulare and C. olitorius) to 1041.3 mg/100 in g V. amygdalina. The highest between the day variations in the values of each sample were recorded in the samples kept in the freezer (45.7 % -131.3 %) but lowest in the sun-dried samples (23.6 %-75.7 %); the rate of value change per sample per day also followed this observed trend. The ascorbic acid values in the sun-dried samples were significantly different at p ? 0.05. The percentage loss of ascorbic acid contents in the five days was found to be sample as well as storage condition dependent.

Nima was known as a poet while King Reza came to the crown, It was while Reza’s dictatorship limited everybody especially the literary figures and the deserved poets like Nima socially and politically. It is clear that the poets like Nima takes the refugee in the world of their poems by creating the symbols which are definitely belong to themselves, the symbols are aligned with the political, social, cultural problems and the clashes of his personal life, the limitation of literary thoughts, and the familiarity with European, the novice literature especially the French symbolism. Nima’s personal symbols include the different elements such as birds, humans, place, time, animal, nature and plants, therefore this study tries somehow to show and concentrate on them in details.

Belt conveyor system is the transportation of material from one location to another location. Belt conveyor has high load carrying capacity (upto 30000 t/h), large length of conveying path (upto 3-4 km), simple design, easy maintenance and high reliability of operation. Belt conveyor system is also used various industries such as the material transport in foundry shop like supply and distribution of moulding sand, moulds and removal of waste, coal and mining industry, sugar industry, agricultural industry, bagasse industry, fuel industry etc. . In this paper the study is carried out on DISA pattern moulding machine to meet the requirement of higher weight castings. From the DISA specification the belt conveyor system is designed by using different standards like CEMA (Conveyor Equipment Manufacture’s Association) standards, some handbooks of belt conveyor system etc. then this parameter are verified by using Belt Comp software. The result got from the Belt Comp software is in close agreement of theoretical results. After the design the manufacturing is done and the installation is done on the manufacturer’s site. The trials are carried out on the belt conveyor system successfully and the problems occurs during the trials are overcome in the analysis by taking proper steps. The present discussion aims to Trial and Analysis on belt conveyor system.

Now a day’s large volume og information is available online. An efficient and effective management of the information on the web is not only valuable to individual users but also to business organizations, especially for decision making purposes. Here challenging task is amongst available information on the web finding business values. The signi?cance of organizations information depends on the applications that deal with it. An organization allows the customer to query online published products information and collects their reviews about the products. XML guarantee about those features of business functions including integration, intelligence and reuse of the content. To complete XML assurance it is very important to maintain XML documents properly. In this paper provides discussion and comparison of various commercial tools and database management systems to create, store, maintain, and query XML documents.

Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs) are currently extensively used in variable speed wind power plants due to their superior advantages that include reduced converter rating, low cost, reduced losses, easy implementation of power factor correction schemes, variable speed operation and four quadrants active and reactive power control capabilities. On the other hand, DFIG sensitivity to grid disturbances, especially for voltage sags represents the main disadvantage of the equipment. In this paper, a coil is proposed to be integrated within the DFIG converters to improve the overall performance of a DFIG-based wind energy conversion system (WECS). The charging and discharging of the coil are controlled by controlling the duty cycle of the switches of the dc-dc chopper. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed topology in improving the overall performance of the WECS system under study.

The proposed project is to implement a novel idea in Sensor networks. Normally Sensor networks are used to sense environment and collect data. Security in such networks is a big challenge. The first challenges of security in sensor networks lie in the conflicting interest between minimizing resource constraints and maximizing security. An implementation of operating system may reduce the risk level of handling secure data but sensor networks also introduce severe resource constraints due to their lack of data storage and power. Thus we employ a hardware cryptographic unit with low power consumption. The working memory of a sensor node is insufficient to even hold the variables (of sufficient length to ensure security) that are required in asymmetric cryptographic algorithms. A symmetrical key crypto security system will be less adequate to handle the modern secure threats, due to that a much complex asymmetric crypto system called elliptic curve cryptography is designed with various optimizing units(ex: pipeline, scheduling) to achieve greater security and to consume much power with reduced resources constraint.

The demand for money function creates a background to review the effectiveness of monetary policies, as an important issue in terms of the overall macroeconomic stability. Money demand is an important indicator of growth for a particular economy. The increasing money demand mostly indicates a country's improved economic situation, as opposed to the falling demand which is normally a sign of deteriorating economic climate (Marvin and Palin, 2010).Thus it has been the focal point of considerable economic research. This paper surveys some of the more recent research on the demand for money and the policy implications for Asian developing countries. By and large the error correction model approach is the dominant methodology in most researches but the ARDL approach appears to be on the rise. Expectedly, the significant explanatory variables were found to be the income variable as the scale variable and domestic interest rate as the opportunity cost variable. In some cases additional variables had to be included in the money demand function such as the exchange rate, the inflation rate and some external interest rate. Generally, the demand for money was found to be stable and the money supply can be used as a tool of monetary policy aimed at influencing the macroeconomic variables of the economy