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In recent years, water exploitation has become greater for many reasons such as population growth, industrial development, urbanization growth and consequently increased demand for food products. Hence the rate of exploitation and consumption ground water become greater than recharge of them, in other words input of ground water system is less than its output and system with negative balance sheet has positive feedback and it is collapsing. Thus it is very significant to determine the suitable position for Artificial Recharge of ground water. One of the management methods for water resources is Multi Criteria Decision Making. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a structured technique for dealing with complex decisions that was developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1980 year. It provides a comprehensive and rational framework for structuring a decision problem, for representing and quantifying its elements, for relating those elements to overall goals, and for evaluating alternative solutions. The base of this model is comparing variables by pair wise by Matrix relationship. In this way, pair wise of the effective variables on the concrete Pavement were considered and based on relative weights the output was extent. In the present research, combination of Indexing system Method with Analytical Hierarchy Process has been applied to assess the Selection of most appropriate area to establish soil damp for artificial recharge of underground aquifers. The findings of the research show that zone 3 with 0/3606 points promotes in first rank among 5 studied zones and thus it is the most appropriate zone for Artificial Recharge of ground waters, in contrast zone 5 with 0/1731 point goes down to the last rank and so it isn`t suitable for Artificial Recharge and zones (2,4,1) are located in next ranks.

In the information era, all the processes, sciences and different structures, under the shadow of IT and communication, grow and differ so fast that it puts staff and organizations in need of some tools to use them for coordinating themselves with the fast evolutions that have happened. Therefore, officials should perceive the potential advantages of achieving applications of IT and communication and they should apply these applications in their universities. This current research has the aimed of studying the preparation for establishment of web-based business processes in Zabol University. The method of research is descriptive-survey research. In this research, all the officials and experts of the organizational scope of Zabol University have been chosen as actuarial society. Since the actuarial society was very small, sampling in the form of census was used, so the whole actuarial society was chosen as sample. Therefore, the total number of officials and experts in the organizational scope are 57 People that were chosen as sample. For collecting data, questionnaire with adoption of Kirty Roykar (2004) has been used. The justifiability of the questionnaire is content type and its stability has been calculated by using Cranach’s alpha coefficient of 98%.

Anthropogenic activities such as pesticide use, coal-burning, and manufacturing introduce harmful substances that have high resistance to degradation by abiotic and biotic factors, and as such persist in the environment. They build up in the environment when decomposers are unable to break them down. Plants and fish take up these substances which are then transferred along the food chain until they reach the highest tropic level. These substances are collectively known as Persistent bioaccumulative toxic substances (PBTs). They typically accumulate in fatty tissues of humans and other species and are slowly metabolized, often increasing in concentration within the food chain. PBTs have been linked to a range of adverse effects in humans, including nervous system disorders, reproductive and developmental problems, cancer, gene mutation, alteration of sexual characteristics and other hormonal functions.

The study was carried out for determine the amount of input- output energy used and indices of energy and economic of fattening farms under different farm sizes in Qazvin city of Iran. For this purpose the data were collected from 30 fattening farms. The surveyed farms were classified into three groups of small (less than 50 heads), medium (50 to 150 heads) and large farms (more than 150 heads).The total average energy input of 24003 MJ calf -1 was required for fattening farm. The share of feed by 75% of the total energy inputs was the highest energy input. This was followed by fossil fuels (16%) and young calf (4%), respectively. The energy use efficiency, energy productivity, Specific energy, and net energy were found as 0.009 (kg MJ-1), 114.8 (MJ kg-1) and -20553(MJ calf-1), respectively. According to the study results, the contribution of indirect energy was higher than that of direct energy; also the share of renewable energy was more than that of non-renewable energy. Economic analysis showed that total average cost of production was 909.8 ($ calf-1). The benefit-cost ratio and productivity were 1.1 and 0.22 (kg $-1), respectively. The results showed that medium farms in terms of economic and energy indexes lower position than the small and large farms. So, they should change their scale to achieve higher efficiency.

In recent times, Nigeria and most developing countries have witnessed an increase in malnutrition and health challenges. There are several natural sources/resources for attaining good nutrition for the achievement of good health; one of the scientifically proven resources is Moringa oleifera. Therefore, this study assessed consumers’ willingness to pay for health benefits of Moringa oleifera Products in Ogun State. A total of 150 respondents were interviewed in 2 Local Government Areas of the State which were purposively selected to reflect the three classes of consumers the study is interested in. Data were analyzed using Descriptive statistics and Logit regression model. The Contingent Valuation Method was used to determine the consumers’ willingness to pay for Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder and Moringa oleifera Seed. Results revealed that 54.0% of the respondents were females, 44.0% civil servants with a mean age of 42 years and mean monthly income of N106,607.00. Logit model revealed that bid (p<0.01), education (p<0.05), awareness level (p<0.01) and age (p<0.01) were significant determinants of willingness to pay for Moringa oleifera leaf powder while education, household size, awareness level and income were significant factors influencing willingness to pay for Moringa oleifera seed. The mean willingness to pay for 100g of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and seed was N610 and N517 respectively. The study concluded that majority of the respondents were willing to pay for Moringa oleifera products. The study therefore recommends that there is the need for enlightenment programmes to enhance consumer knowledge on advantages and health benefits of MOP consumption as well as design of empowerment programme target at increasing household income.

Corporate governance model and performance indicators have become subjects of intense debate within and across law, finance and economics. Despite this widespread interest, finding evidence that corporate governance model causes changes in performance indicators has posed a significant challenge. This paper seeks to ascertain whether cross sectional variation between corporate governance model and performance indicators among Nigerian firms. The sample comprises a panel of 40 non-financial firm listed on the Nigerian stock exchange (NSE), covering the period of 2008-2012. The combination of 40 firms for a five-years period provides a balanced panel of 316 observations which can be analyzed using panel data methodology. The performance indicators used in this study is dividend yield. The postulated hypotheses were tested, using the multiple regression analysis. The empirical results suggest that there is a significant positive influence of corporate governance model on dividend cover. The study recommend that corporate governance model should lead to improvements in terms of the decision making process of the companies in Nigeria. Keywords: Corporate Governance Model, Corporate Performance, Agency Theory, Dividend Yield, Nigeria.

We are very happy to announce that from 2nd August 2013, Dr. Anand Kumar Tripathi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Information Technology for Business Transformation. Dr. Anand Kumar Tripathi is currently working as Director in Ishwarchand Vidya Sagar Institute of Technology (IVSIT-239), Mathura (UP). The appointment of Dr. Anand Kumar Tripathi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 3rd August 2016, Dr. Suman Kumari Joshi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Veterinary Science. Dr. Suman Kumari Joshi working as Scientist (Veterinary/Animal Science), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bhanjanagar, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar – 751 003, Odisha, India. The appointment of Dr. Suman Kumari Joshi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

We are very happy to announce that from 25th February 2013, Dr.P.Ponnusamy has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Mechanical Engineering. Dr.P.Ponnusamy is currently working as Professor & Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Surya Engineering College, Erode-638 107. The appointment of Dr.P.Ponnusamy as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

Mechanical Properties such as tensile strength, yield strength Impact strength etc and microstructure of weldment of various steels are too much affected by the shielding gases. Shielding gases play an important role during the welding process.it cannot be over look. In this review paper an attempt has to be made to explain the effect of shielding gases on the mechanical properties and metallurgical properties of a weldment. The coarse-grained weld microstructure, higher heat-affected zone, and lower penetration together with higher reinforcement reduce the weld service life in continuous mode gas metal arc welding (GMAW). It is observed that weld bead geometry and penetration is too much affected by the use of shielding gas. This brief review illustrates the effect of shielding gases on weld quality