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Load balancing using clustering can increase network scalability. This paper attempting to apply efficient techniques of load, energy and security such that network life can be increased with security and also its reliability. Continuous aggregation is required in sensor applications to obtain the temporal variation information of aggregates. It helps the users to understand how the environment changes over time and track real time measurements for trend analysis. Existing secure aggregation schemes conduct one individual verification for each aggregation result. Due to the high frequency and the long period of a continuous aggregation in every epoch, the false temporal variation pattern would incur a great communication cost. In this paper, we propose a clustering technique which will balance the load among the cluster by using some backup nodes. The backup high energy and high processing power nodes replace the cluster head after the cluster reaches to its threshold limit. This approach will increase the network lifetime and will provide high throughput and in the continuous aggregation, the attacker could manipulate a series of aggregation results through compromised nodes to fabricate false temporal variation patterns of the aggregates .We detect and verify a false temporal variations pattern by checking only a small part of aggregation results to reduces a verification cost. A sampling based approach is used to check the aggregation results and we also proposed a security mechanisms to protect the sampling process.

We report the case of Mr. FL aged 60 , former smoking with 15 packs / year weaned ago 30 years, no particular medical history who underwent total cystoprostatectomy bladder tumor infiltrating the muscle 14 years ago enterocystoplasty with it .

The study focuses on the relevance of forensic accounting as a tool on fraud management in Nigeria, and how effective it has been in fraud management so far. Forensic accounting is still although recently flourishing in Nigeria. Notwithstanding, so many public owned organizations have adopted its use, especially because of the level of fraud and corruption in Nigeria. The study applied survey design. For the analysis, data were generated by the administration of questionnaire to some public organizations (both the federal and state) including ministries, departments and agencies of government domiciled in Imo state of Nigeria. The analysis of the data employed the use regression and analysis of ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The study revealed among other things that the application of forensic accounting is fraud management has not been effective considering the level of fraud and corruption in Nigeria. The empirical studies here also revealed that there is a positive relationship between forensic accounting and fraud. With time, the application of forensic accounting will be so developed in Nigeria as to be more effective and efficient in fraud management. Nawaz (2011) shows that forensic accounting at the moment is playing a very important role in preventing the business entities from indulging in any of the irregularities like the manipulation of the financial statements, the misrepresentation of the annual reposts, as well as the false presentation of profits in order to entice the investors and blanks (Window Dressing or Creative Accounting). Since forensic accounting is new in Nigeria a strong system of internal control is the most effective method of fraud prevention. Key Words; Forensic Accounting, Fraud Management.

Ontologies have become the best modeling tool, in many applications majorly semantic web. Creation of ontology remains as a difficult task. Ontology bootstrapping is one of the technique, depends on a set of pre-defined textual sources like web services. The advantage of web services usually consists of both WSDL and free text descriptors. And these are evaluated by three methods namely TF/IDF, web context generation and the bootstrapping technique. The bootstrapping method using large repository of real-world web services has a drawback of revisiting of the concepts again and again. Our proposed method for ontology creation with an revisiting avoidance algorithm, this algorithm helps us to overcome from revisiting strategies in the bootstrapping ontologies. The introduced algorithm will produce the efficient result as described this is paper.

Table of contents for the month of August 2013

Table of contents for the month of August 2016

The adopted strategy to overcome the housing shortage crisis in Iran is the mass production. The way forward to accelerate the mass production, is adopting the industrial building systems with the increased prefabrication. One of the most optimal new building systems is Lightweight Steel Framing (LSF) Technology. Parand Residential Complex as the first serious project to industrialize the construction processes in Iran is facing the various problems during the processes of manufacture and execution of LSF components. The research is to offer an optimized model for the manufacture and execution processes of LSF Technology in the constructive projects. So, the manufacture and execution processes of LSF Technology in the research case-study were taken into consideration to recognize the existing advantages and disadvantages. Finally, offering four strategies to compensate the deficiencies and three strategies to intensify the strengths, a model to coordinate these two processes presented.

Navigation systems are gaining interest in research and industrial topic due to their wide usage. The method of updating the map database with previously unknown map information has become an important factor in navigation system design. Today, many map DB providers maintain their own datasets and work to reduce unknown map information in only their proprietary maps. Map updating systems is generally based on network and cloud based map generation and updating. This paper introduces the main difficulties associated with determining and updating unknown map information and briefly surveys the state-of-the-art technologies in this field. Further discussion of the cloud oriented DB updating of unknown map information is also provided and its advantages.

We are very happy to announce that from 16th May 2013, Mr. Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Surface Analysis and Materials Characterizations. Mr. Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman is currently working as School of Engineering & Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia. The appointment of Mr. Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

The occurrence of organochlorine pesticide residues in food matrices has become essential due to the toxicity and intransigence of these xenobiotics. Residue levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in two leafy vegetables sampled from selected major growing areas in Ghana. The determination was carried out using Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrophotometer (GC/MS) procedures. The results indicated that cabbage samples had the widest spread of OCP contamination between the two leafy vegetables analyzed. Residues of pesticides (75%) were found in all samples obtained from Akuapem-Mampong compared to samples obtained from the Accra Metropolis (100%) indicating high occurrence of these xenobiotics in the vegetables collected from farms in Accra. The commonest organochlorine pesticides that were used by almost all farmers were endrin, p, p-DDE, p, p-DDD, p, p-DDT, ?-chlordane, endosulfan sulphate, ?-endosulphan, ?-endosulphan, ?-HCH, ?-HCH and lindane. The residual levels of OCPs in cabbage and lettuce clearly indicate that, samples obtained in the city had higher OCP levels compared to samples obtained from the rural areas. The study shows that application of pesticides at higher doses results in higher levels of the chemicals in vegetables thereby exposing the entire Ghanaian population and the consequent health implications. Regular monitoring of OCPs in vegetables and other food matrices is key to prevent their accumulation in the food chain.