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We are very happy to announce that from 2nd September 2014, Dr.Zafrul Allam has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Human Resource Management. Dr.Zafrul Allam currently working as Assistant Professor, Department of Human Resource Management, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The appointment of Dr.Zafrul Allam as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

The Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectra of 2-Methoxynaphthalene (2MN) have been measured. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, Infrared intensities and Raman activities have been calculated by using density functional theory calculation (B3LYP) with 6-311+G** basis set. Complete vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of the compound were carried out using the observed FT-IR and FT-Raman. Simulated FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra for 2MN showed good agreement with the observed spectra. The stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions and the charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond (NBO) analysis. Further, density functional theory (DFT) combined with quantum chemical calculations to determine the first-order hyperpolarizability. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. Electronic excitation energies, oscillator strength and nature of the respective excited states were calculated by the closed-shell singlet calculation method were also calculated for the molecule.

This study investigated the kind of beliefs Ghanaian Junior High School (JHS) mathematics teachers held about mathematical problem solving and how they integrate the beliefs in teaching mathematics. The sample of the study consisted of 97 JHS mathematics teachers in 71 JHS in Keta District of Volta Region. Data were collected in 2009/2010 academic year. Participants completed a survey composed of questionnaires and classroom observations which were carried out on five JHS mathematics teachers. The results of this study indicated that, in general, JHS mathematics teachers held positive beliefs about mathematical problem solving, which means that their beliefs were in line with the new approaches. However, the results revealed that they did not actually integrate their beliefs in the teaching of mathematics. In order to gradually challenge teachers’ negative beliefs about mathematical problem solving, suggestions have been made regarding adequate educational interventions.

If the organizations tend to survive in some environment full of changes and if they want to guaranty the continuous of their activity, they should take a big step toward the entrepreneurship and also, comparing their competitions, they should pioneer in innovation and entrepreneurship. In large organizations, supporting entrepreneurial behavior at all hierarchal levels for growth and increasing competitive advantages. Entrepreneurial behavior in the organization is said of all activities related to discovery, assessment and exploitation from entrepreneurial opportunities which are done by the organization's member's entrepreneurship inside organizations will lead to increase in profitability and development in organizations, revision of strategies and organizational change and costumer's added value services .It is quite possible that a better understanding of the factors that influence attitudes towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intent could facilitate the successful development of these initiatives, especially for university students who, in comparison to individuals without university education, are more likely to pursue self-employment that has significant impact on economic growth (Robinson and Sexton, 1994). In large organizations, supporting entrepreneurial behavior at all hierarchal levels for growth and increasing competitive advantages, is necessary. This study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by introducing emotional intelligence as an additional factor that explains how entrepreneurs perceive their own success. Using survey data from 136 Iranian Managers, we find that emotionally intelligent entrepreneurs are more likely to judge their entrepreneurial success using the following criteria: employee satisfaction, social responsibility, personal satisfaction, customer satisfaction and business performance. Furthermore, not all EI dimensions are equally relevant to explain the phenomenon. We find that “regulation of emotion in others” seems to be the most important dimension, whereas “emotion in others” seems to be the less relevant one.

Table of contents for the month of October 2015

In general, existing cQA forums provide only textual answers, which are not informative enough for many questions. Conventional MMQA aims to seek multimedia answers without the assistance of textual answers. This MMQA scheme using diversification method is able to enrich textual answers in cQA with appropriate meta data which improves the informativeness and it bridges two gaps (i) The gap between questions and textual answers (ii) The gap between textual answer and multimedia answer. This scheme consists of three components: answer medium selection, query generation and data selection and presentation. This scheme determines the type of media information that can be added for a textual answer. This scheme predicts the type of medium to be added using Naïve Bayes Classifier, it automatically generates query based on QA knowledge and performs multimedia search. Finally this scheme performs query adaptive re-ranking and duplicate removal to obtain a set of images and videos for presentation along with textual answer. This scheme uses diversification methods to make the enriched media data more diverse. This scheme uses Page Ranking algorithm to retrieve more relevant and diverse search results.

Social security is an important political issue for any country that brings influential and profound political and legal impacts. Its most important political and legal impact is seen in emergencies when social administrators should manage a crisis in terms of their natural duty. To this end, they inevitably choose to limit their citizens’ personal rights. Since paving proper grounds to exercise personal rights, crisis management and national security are, inter alia, the functions of the governments and the guidelines to provide them are contradictory due to their natures, limiting the domination of personal rights is considered as one the most reasonable guidelines to curb existing problems in a political society. The important issue created by the scope of such limitation in personal rights that causes the biggest challenges to the legitimation of such guidelines during emergencies is the principle of no harm and forbidding harms to other people as a proper criterion for governmental discretion scope in exercising the rules of emergency time and in limiting personal rights.

One of the main problems in sampling survey is the optimal allocation of resources. The solution of this problem is rather arbitrary due to the fact that no best allocation is defined. In this model, the allocation problem was to find the allocation of a sample to strata which minimizes cost of investigation. The idea of optimal allocation under a multivariate stratified sampling based on an alternative approach earlier worked on by Diaz- Garcia and Ranos– Quiroga was applied. The matrix of the variance-covariances of the vector of the stratified variables was obtained. An emperical data from a household survey conducted in Ogun state was used. The frame consisted 880,970 households in the twenty local government areas (LGA) of Ogun state. Each of the 20 LGAs that made up the state was seen as a stratified cluster. Post stratification in this study ensured that some variables that are suitable for stratification was achieved after selection of the sample. The four characteristics of interest were occupation, income, household size and educational level. The study transformed all variables in the stratified sampling plan by using dummy variables ranging from 1-3. The estimates used in the computation were calculated using statistical software Splus. The post stratification estimator ?st does not have the same variance as the stratified sample mean. Stratification produced a gain in precision in the estimation of characteristics of the household survey. The results of the estimates in the study revealed that proportionate allocation can lead to smaller sampling variances than for simple random samples of the same size.

The objective of this paper is to explore perception among the pass out graduates of different universities regarding challenges faced by graduates’ business education in Pakistan. A total of 300 respondents were randomly selected from different universities of Pakistan giving a response rate of 83 percent. The selection was made through simple random sample. The data obtained through questionnaire. The result of this study revealed that most of the respondents are satisfied regarding major reason of joining MBA programme. MBA programme helps in career development, deliver managerial skills, provide good opportunity of employability. Above 70 percent respondents working in well reputed organizations at top and middle level management, rest of them at lower level and non-managerial and they have completed their degree in full time programme before joining organization. It was found also that they have good business insight and career development. Overall result shows that 80 percent respondents have achieved their goal and made improvement in career, work status and management abilities. The result shows that all skills important for employer but most important are managerial, conceptual and interpersonal skills that MBA programme must deliver.

Vibrational spectral analysis was carried out for 2-chloro-1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene (CFNB) by using the FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy in the range of 4000 cm-1 to 400 cm-1 and 4000 cm-1 to 100 cm-1 respectively. The theoretical computational density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) was performed at 6-311+G** levels to derive equilibrium geometry, vibrational wavenumbers, infrared intensities and Raman scattering activities. The complete vibrational assignment was performed on the basis of the potential energy distribution (PED), calculated with scaled quantum mechanics (SQM) method. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was applied to study stability of the molecule arising from charge delocalization. Quantum chemical parameters such as the highest occupied molecular orbital energy (HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (LUMO), energy gap (?E), were calculated.