Ultrasonics

Polyaniline (PAni), shows a unique feature, that it can be modified in a controlled manner by adding electrolyte. The effect of electrolytes like LiCl, NaCl and KCl on the doping behaviour of Polyaniline emeraldine base (EB) has been investigated. The study of the effect of ultrasonic waves on electrolyte - Polyaniline picrate (PAPI) mixture and their interactions were compared.

Polyaniline salts were synthesized via chemical polymerization and are subjected to ultrasonic waves of 3 MHz. The physicochemical parameters like density, viscosity and compressibility parameters were measured and their effect on ultrasound has been extensively studied. Solvent properties and the spectroscopic properties such as ?max, frequency shifts have been correlated. A study of effect of ultrasonic waves on the organic acid doped PAni has also been attempted.

The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity in the pure as well as in the binary mixture of Tributyle Phosphate (TBP) and Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were measured. The variation of ultrasonic velocity and the other calculated acoustic parameters at temperature 300C for different frequencies shows significant information about the intermolecular interactions present in the binary mixture. The shifting of ?max in UV-visible spectra in the binary mixture agrees with the results of ultrasonic investigation of the binary mixture. The recovery of REE material like CeO2 with the help of this ultrasonic technique can be explained in terms of intermolecular interactions present in the binary mixture. Again the result provides an optimum value of the binary mixture for recovery of CeO2 which is well supported by other chemical treatments.

Ultrasonic velocity and density have been determined in cerium chloride and aqueous formic acid at 30oC,35oC and40oC. Different acoustic parameters were calculated using measured value of ultrasonic velocity and density at these three temperatures. These data provide useful information about change in interaction at different temperatures. The main target of this paper is to highlight the type and extent of molecular interaction between component molecules and to reflect effect of on them.

Ultrasonic velocity in ternary mixture containing Benzene group of liquids has been evaluated as function of concentration and temperature, by using certain theoretical models like Nomoto’s relation, Impedance dependence relation, Ideal mixture relation, Rao’s specific velocity relation and Jungie’s method. The experimental values of ultrasonic velocity are compared with the theoretical values. Molecular interaction parameter and the percentage deviation thus calculated indicate the non-ideality in the mixtures.

Ultrasonic velocities and densities of the binary liquid mixtures of N-ethylaniline with five different organic compounds like chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, 1,2,dichlorobenzene, 1,3,dichlorobenzene and 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene have been measured at temperatures 303.15 and 308.15K.over the entire composition range. The theoretical values of ultrasonic velocity were applied in evaluating the velocities using the Nomoto's relation(UNR), Impedence relation(UIR), Ideal mixing relation(UIMR) , Jungie's relation(UJR)and Rao s specific velocity relation(UR).The molecular interaction parameter(?) has been evaluated from the values of experimental and theoretical velocities. The variation of this interaction parameter with the composition mixture has been discussed in terms of molecular interactions.

The cyclic voltammetric measurement and molecular interaction studies using ultrasonic technique of Cu(II),Ni(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) complexes of 4-Amino-3, 6-Bis [[4-[[4-Chloro-6-[(3-Sulfophenyl) Amino]-1,3,5-Triazin-2-Yl]Amino]-2-Sulfophenyl]Azo]-5-Hydroxy-2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid hexasodium compound using DMSO, have been studied at 303 K. The cyclic voltammetric were carried out using a stationary platinum electrode in DMSO with 0.1M tetrabutylammonium per chlorate (TBAP) as a supporting electrolyte. The measured values of ultrasonic velocity, density, acoustical parameters, adiabatic compressibility and free length are evaluated. From these properties the parameters have been studied the nature and strength of the interactions in these complexes and oxidation, reduction behaviors were discussed.

Glasses with composition 15TeO2- 10MgO - (75-x) B2O3– xNiO and 15TeO2- 10MgO - (75-x) B2O3- xWO3 (where x = 0 to 1.0 in steps of 0.2 mol %) have been prepared by using a conventional melt-quenching method. The amorphous nature of the samples were ascertained using X-ray diffractometry. Microhardness measurements were carried out using Zwick 3212 hardness tester fitted with a Vicker’s diamond pyramidal indenter. Microhardness studies revealed that the hardness of the glasses increased with an increase in applied load. Meyer’s index number / work hardening exponent ‘n’ was calculated and found that the material belongs to hard material category.

The study of liquid/solutions using acoustical methods constitutes the mining field for scientists. Compressibility measurements are highly accurate and yield interesting informations. The sign and magnitude of compressibility indicates the solvation effects. The structural changes in the primary and secondary regions are generally referred to as solvation. The thermochemical parameters have been proven to be a very useful tool in elucidating the structural interactions taking place in the solutions. In the present investigation, BMIMBr is dissolved in formamide and the fundamental quantities are measured in various molalities and the temperatures ranging from 278.15K to 328.15K. In the present study, the solvation of BMIMBr in non-aqueous medium is taken for interpreting the various interactions occuring between the solute and solvent and the effect of temperature and concentration on solvation is also analyzed.

Molecular interaction between brompheniramine with 1-methanol, 1-ethanol and 1-propanol were analyzed by Time Domain Reflectometry technique at 303K. Dielectric relaxation times, Dielectric constants, dielectric loss, were calculated. Physical and chemical parameters varied with alcohols concentrations in brompheniramine medium. Intermolecular interaction strength of alcohols with brompheniramine was observed in the order of 1-methanol<1-ethanol<1-propanol